| |
1. Dam Body
 Back
1-1. Dam Body
Specifications
|
·
Type |
: Earth- fill, with clay core. |
|
·
Total volume of embankment |
: 32.5(M.m3). |
|
·
Crest level |
: 234(m.) m.a.s.l. |
|
·
Height from the Foundation |
: 127(m.). |
|
·
Crest length |
: 3030(m.). |
|
·
Crest width |
: 12(m.). |
|
·
Maximum width on the foundation |
: 1100(m.). |
|
·
Shell materials volume |
: 19.6(M.m3). |
|
·
Core materials volume |
: 3.65(M.m3). |
|
·
Excavation volume (Body & Spillway) |
: 9.15(M.m3). |
|
·
Slope of the upstream shell |
: From the
crest level, down to the level of 192 m.a.s.l., the slope is
1:2.25 (the shell on this location is covered with rip-rap).
At this level a berm with 10(m.) width is
executed, from thereof, the slope is 1:2.25, down to the
level of 163 m.a.s.l. (this part of the shell until level
140(m.) is covered with soil- cement). At 163
m.a.s.l. level, another berm with 30(m.) length
is executed. Then the shell reaches the foundation with the
slope of 1:2.50 (which is the slope of the cofferdam
upstream shell). |
|
·
Slope of the downstream Shell |
: At the cross section of the Kilometer 1+400, from the
crest level of 234 m.a.s.l.,
down to the level of 200 m.a.s.l. , the slope is 1: 1.8.
At this level a berm of 5(m.) width is executed.
From thereof , the
Shell
keeps the same slope until the level of 170 m.a.s.l. At this
level another berm of 84(m.) width is
constructed. Then the Shell has been executed with the slope
of 1: 1.8 , down to the level of 160 m.a.s.l. and 135
m.a.s.l., at which levels, two berms of 14(m.)
and 75(m.) are constructed, consecutively. The
Shell has been continued with the slope of 1:2 , until the
toe of the Dam at the level of 116 m.a.s.l. |
Back
1.2. Diversion System
Karkheh Dam diversion system, consists of: a concrete culvert with
four waterways, intake structures, stilling basin, pre- cofferdam,
cofferdam, and downstream dyke.
Back
1-2-1. Pre- cofferdam & cofferdam
In order to prevent the effect of water flow of the river, in the
flood seasons, during construction of the Dam body, the upstream &
downstream of the Dam were closed, by the means of cofferdam and
downstream dyke. In this way the area between the two points became
dewatered, then the construction activities of the main structure
was rendered possible. Since the cofferdam of Karkheh Project is
designed to be a part of the main dam, as a result, a pre- cofferdam
was built, so that the Cofferdam could be constructed with the
suitable technical specifications, in a dry condition.
The crest level of the pre- cofferdam, is designed to be at the
level of 122.5 m.a.s.l., for a dry period, with the flood of 20-
year- return- period, and the maximum discharge of 860(m3/s).
The design level of the cofferdam of Karkheh Diversion System is 163
m.a.s.l., for a flood of 100- year- return- period, with the
discharge of 7240(m3/s), while a part of such flood (about
3680(m3/s)) will pass through the Diversion Galleries, and the rest,
will be routed, in the Cofferdam Reservoir.
Back
1-2-2. Specifications of the Cofferdam
|
·
Length |
: 950(m.) |
|
·
Height from the river bed |
: 52(m.) |
|
·
Width of the crest |
: 20(m.) |
|
·
Maximum width on the foundation |
: 495(m.) |
|
·
Volume of the body |
: 4.5(M.m3.) |
|
·
Maximum storage volume |
: 433(M.m3.) |
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1-2-3. Downstream Dyke
According to the rating curve of the river, the water level on the
downstream of the dyke is 115 m.a.s.l., with a discharge of
150(m3/s), and 120.5 m.a.s.l., for the flood with a discharge of
4570(m3/s). As a result, the crest of the downstream dyke is
considered to be 121.5 m.a.s.l.
Back
1-2-4. Culvert
The diversion of the river from its original course, is a basic
measure taken in the dam construction projects. Exploiting a four-
concrete- waterway- culvert was considered to be the best choice for
the Diversion System of Karkheh Project.
The specifications of this culvert is as bellow:
|
·
Shape |
: four openings, with an octagonal section. |
|
·
Dimension of each opening |
: height: 10.5(m.),width:
5(m.). |
|
·
Length (including the intake & outlet structures) |
: 790(m.). |
|
·
Type of lining |
: reinforced concrete. |
|
·
Excavation volume |
: Apx. 1.5(M.m3). |
|
·
Concreting volume |
: 223,000(m3). |
|
·
Inlet elevation |
: 113 m.a.s.l. |
|
·
Stilling basin bottom level |
: 100 m.a.s.l. |
|
·
Discharge capacity |
: 3680(m3/s),
at the level of 161.70 m.a.s.l. (before turning into a
bottom outlet). |
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1-2-5. Intake Structure
The intake Structure of the Diversion System, with the length of
32(m.) and the width of 30.6(m.), includes: four openings, intake
tower, slots for the gates, and closure gates.
In order to close the water course through the waterways, gates of
different types, have been installed, as bellow:
A) At waterways I &II, two bulk- head gates, the weight of each
amounts to 32 tons.
B) At the waterway III, a fixed wheel gate, weighting 62 tons.
C) At the waterway IV, a roller gate, with the weight of 82 tons.
For the lifting & installation of the parts of the culvert gates, a
cantilever gantry crane, with the capacity of 120 tons, was used.
This crane which had been installed at the level of 160 m.a.s.l., on
the crest of the intake tower was disassembled, after impounding and
permanent closure of the gates.
On the upper part of the Intake tower, there are orifices and
windows, which are used as inlets for the water flowing into the
bottom outlet, after turning the culvert into the bottom outlet.
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1-2-6. Outlet Structure
In order to dissipate the energy of the water, passing through the
culvert, a stilling basin- with the length of 128.5(m.), the width
of 35(m.), and the bottom level of 100 m.a.s.l.- was constructed.
At the outlet of each waterway, some slots were designed, through
which, the stop-logs were installed. By closing the gates, when
necessary, flowing water into the waterways, is prevented.
Back
1-2-7. Bottom Outlet
Culvert waterways, are used as bottom outlet, during the operation
of the Dam. To do this, in 50(m.) length of the waterways I,II &
III, required pipes & valves are installed, so that the cross
section of the water flow through the waterways, is decreased from
48(m2) to 3.14(m2), while their total discharge, in normal water
level, has become limited. Waterway IV is completely closed, being
used as an access road to the bottom outlet and the valves installed
in other waterways. In the bottom outlet system, designed for the
discharge control, two emergency and service gates are applied, each
of which is opened and closed by a servo- motor, with the capacity
of 175 tons.
Back
1-3. Watertightening System of the Foundation
In order to control seepage within the dam foundation, Grouting was
considered as the first option. However, results of the trail
grouting tests were not satisfactory. Therefore, other options for
controling seepage in the foundation were studied, and eventually, a
plastic concrete
cut-off-wall was selected for this purpose.
This main Cut- Off , which is on the same axis as the Dam body , is
constructed under the foundation , in the center of the clay core.
Specifications
|
·
Length |
: 2925(m.) . |
|
·
Width |
: 0.8-1 (m.). |
|
·
Concrete volume |
: 147370 (m3). |
|
·
Minimum depth |
: 18(m.). |
|
·
Maximum depth |
: 78(m.). |
Since the Power- house Building is located on the left abutment, and
having considered the effect of impounding , and seepage through
conglomerate layers, as a result a Cut- Off- Wall was constructed
too , under the east of the Power- house Building , for the
protection and stabilizing the slopes on the Power- house area , and
to minimize the seepage. To connect this Cut- Off to the main Cut-
Off- Wall , a grout curtain has been executed through the access
gallery , located on the Kilometer 0+950 . Thus , water seepage into
the Power- house Building area is prevented.
Specifications Cut-Off-Wall, on the east of the
Power- house Building.
|
·
Length |
: 750(m.). |
|
·
Number of Panels |
: 300. |
|
·
Depth |
: 20(m)- 70(m). |
|
·
Apx. volume |
: 30000(m3). |
Back
1-4. Inspection & Access Galleries
Inspection Gallery
A concrete gallery was designed and constructed with the short
distance from the Cut-Off- Wall, on the downstream, for the
following purposes: a) access to the foundation, under the clay
core, b) access to the Cut-Off- Wall, c) monitoring the Cut-Off-
Wall, d) making possible repairs, during the Dam operation,
Other applications of this gallery could be as follows:
• Monitoring, and obtaining data concerning piezometric pressure of
the water in different layers, under the Dam foundation.
• Possible increase of the depth, and improvement of the seepage
flowing under the Dam foundation.
• Monitoring, and controlling the settlement of the Dam foundation.
• Possible drainage, and decreasing the water pressure of each
geological layers under the Dam foundation.
• Inspection and identical observation of the conditions of the Dam
foundation.
Specifications of the Inspection Gallery
|
·
Location |
: under the clay core, 7.5(m.) downstream of the
Cut-Off-Wall. |
|
·
Length |
: Apx. 1400(m.). |
|
·
Height |
: 3.2(m.) . |
|
·
Width |
: 2.6(m.). |
Specification of Access Galleries
|
·
Number |
: 3,
constructed in the kilometers: 0+950. 1+450, and 2+160. |
|
·
Total length of the 3 galleries |
: Apx. 500(m.). |
|
·
Total volume of concreting of the inspection &
access galleries |
: 50,000(m3). |
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1-5.
Instrumentations
In order to inspect the behavior of the foundation and the Dam body-
during construction & operation- concerning pore pressure , earth
pressure , seepage , and possible deviation of the body- about 1000
instruments have been installed in Karkheh Dam. These instruments
are distributed in 23 sections of the body , according to the
conditions of the foundation and the Dam height.
770 of which are of Cable Type , connected to the control room , on
the left side of the body , the readings of which are done by the
means of computer. While the readings of the rest are carried out on
the installation locations , with the specific appliances of
measurement. The data obtained from the instruments are inspected
and analysed by the experts, periodically.
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1-6. Spillway
Having considered such parameters as the Dam height , the Reservoir
volume , the type of the Dam , and its importance in: irrigation,
hydroelectric power supply , the location of the Dam , regarding the
downstream residential areas ,and the financial & social damages
resulted from the Dam possible fracture , hence , the Spillway of
Karkheh Dam has been designed based on the reliable discharge of
probable maximum flood , considering suitable free – board.
Back
1-6-1. Specifications
|
·
Type |
: gated. |
|
·
Location |
: right bank. |
|
·
Discharge capacity |
: 18260(m3/s)-(at PMF). |
|
·
Total length |
: 1118(m)(including
the lengths of stilling basin & outlet channel). |
|
·
Width |
: 110(m)
(excluding the middle piers, with the width of 90(m.)). |
|
·
Stilling basin length |
: 164(m). |
|
·
Stilling basin width |
: 110(m). |
|
·
Design head on ogee crest |
: 17(m). |
|
·
Crest level of the ogee |
: 209(m) m.a.s.l. |
|
·
Excavation volume |
: 5.5(M.m3). |
|
·
Concrete volume |
: 758000(M.m3). |
Back
1-6-2. Spillway inlet
Structure
The inlet structure of the spillway , which is a huge concrete
structure , with the dimension of 110(m.) *59(m.) , includes : the
ogee, the middle & the abutment piers , radial & stoplog gates ,
access bridge on the Dam crest , the bridge for the gantry crane ,
and hydromechanical equipment for the possible repairs of the gates.
The ogee crest of the spillway is placed at the level of 209
m.a.s.l. , with the difference of 8(m.) height , comparing with the
bottom of the approach channel at the level of 201 m.a.s.l.
Slope of upstream face of the ogee is 1 : 1 and the width of each of
the middle piers of the spillway is 4(m.).
Six sets of radial gates are employed , to control the flow of water
through the spillway , each with 18(m.) height , 15(m.) width ,
22(m.) radius , and 170 tons of weight. This is one of the largest
types , of radial gates, which, are manufactured in Iran. Each gate
is operated by two servomotors, each of which, with the capacity of
26 tons and stroke of 11(m.) .
In order to repair the radial gates , four stoplogs are used , each
with the 15(m.) of width , 3(m.) of height , and 30 tons of weight.
For the purposes of shifting around or replacement of stoplogs , a
gantry crane of 35 tons, with the rail length of 130(m.) , is
exploited.
Back
1-6-3. Energy Dissipation
System
A stilling basin has been constructed for reliable dissipation of
energy, produced in the outlet flow. The stilling basin is of the
U.S.B.R. 1 Type. Considering the secondary depth of hydraulic jump ,
and the level of the tail race, the level of the bottom of the
stilling basin is designed to be at 95 m.a.s.l. The stilling basin
length is 164(m.) , and its width is 110(m.). On the end part of the
bottom of the stilling basin , the slope of 1:5 (V:H), from the
level of 95 m.a.s.l. (along 65(m.) ) reaches up to the level of 108
m.a.s.l. The crest level of the side walls of the basin designed
based on the maximum water level at the flood with 1000- year-
return - period , including the free – board, amounting to 122.5
m.a.s.l.
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1-7. Borrow Pits
|
Borrow Pit |
Borrow Pit
area
(Km2) |
Borrow Pit
depth
(m) |
Distance
from the Site (Km) |
Exploitable volume (M.m3) |
Material
type |
Location |
|
Coarse
aggregate |
G1 |
4 |
5-10 |
4-8 |
20 |
GW , GP |
Shell,
drain, filters, transition zones & concrete materials |
|
G2 |
0.8 |
average 2 |
11-14 |
1.75 |
GW, GP, &
a little GC |
|
G3 |
8 |
average 3 |
9-12 |
2.5 |
GW, GP |
|
Fine
aggregate |
C1 |
2.5 |
3-5 |
10-13 |
6.2 |
Weathered
mudstone of CH |
Clay core |
|
Chenareh
Mine |
|
|
|
45 |
|
Limestone |
rip-rap on
the upstream face |
GP : Poor graded sandy gravel.
GW : Well graded sandy gravel.
GC : Sandy gravel with clay.
CH : Non- organic clay, with high placticity.
* According to the test results, these materials are suitable for
compaction, and their maximum dry density are more than 2.08(g/cm3).
** Insitu incompactibility test results indicate that the materials
are suitable for the clay core.
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2. Hydroelectric power plant
2-1. General specifications
|
·
Power plant capacity |
: 400(M.w.). |
|
·
Number of the generators |
: 3, each
with the capacity of 133.3(M.w). |
|
·
Annual average power production |
: 934(G.wh.). |
Back
2-2. Power plant Equipment
2-2-1. Cranes
Main cranes
Karkheh power plant has two over- head cranes , with each capacity
of 225 tons. These cranes, by the means of a lifting beam- with the
weight of about 20 tons- make possible the displacement &
installation of the rotor of the generator (the heaviest equipment
of the power- house , with the weight of 420 tons).
Each crane has an assisting winch , with the capacity of 40 tons ,
using for displacing and installing equipment , lighter than 40
tons.
Gantry Crane
This crane , with the capacity of 32 tons , is used for the
installation of the stop- logs of the draft tube , at its outlet
opening.
Back
2-2-2. Draft Tube Closure Gates
|
·
Type |
: Stop- log. |
|
·
Number of the gates |
: 4 sets,
totally 8 parts, which are able to close draft tubes of the
two Units, simultaneously. |
|
·
Weight of the lower part |
:12924(kg.) (design weight). |
|
·
Weight of the upper part |
:13022(kg.) (design weight). |
|
·
Total weight of the 4 sets of the gates |
: 104 tons. |
|
·
Operation mechanism |
: hydraulic
balance pressure, which is maintained by the means of bypass
valves. |
|
·
Gate pressure design head |
: 24.48(m.). |
|
·
Seal level of the bottom part of the gate |
: 98.1 m.a.s.l. |
|
·
Seals |
: rubber J32
*85(m.m),on
the side and upper parts, and flat- 12
* 70(m.m),
on the lower part. |
|
·
Location of the seals |
: downstream. |
|
·
Required time for the draft tube to be filled |
: about 70 minutes. |
The gates are placed (or displaced) by a lifting beam and the
gantry crane , to or from the exact locations.
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2-2-3. Inlet Valves
|
·
Type |
: Biplane Butterfly. |
|
·
Number |
: 3 sets. |
|
·
Diameter |
: 5.3(m.). |
|
·
Design pressure |
: 15 bars (1.5 (M.pa.)). |
|
·
Hydrostatic test pressure |
: 22.5 bars (2.25 (M.pa.)). |
|
·
Maximum inlet discharge |
: 159.54(m3.s). |
|
·
Installation level of the valve center line |
: 110.6 m.a.s.l. |
|
·
Required time for the valve to be closed |
: 60-90(s.). |
|
·
Required time for the valve to be opened |
: less than 120(s.). |
|
·
Allowable leakage, at leakage test pressure of
1.154(M.pa.) |
: maximum 13 liters per
minute. |
|
·
Number of servomotors of each valve |
: 2 sets. |
|
·
Diameter of each servomotor |
: 700(mm.). |
|
·
Servomotor stroke |
: 1655(mm.). |
|
·
Operational oil pressure of each servomotor |
: 60 bars (4 (M.pa.)). |
|
·
Total weight of the complete set of each
butterfly valve of a Unit |
: 223 tons (including its upstream & downstream pipes,bodies, bypass
set, relief valve , and its control equipment, such as sump
tank & oil pressure tank , electro- pumps, and
servomotors). |
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2-2-4. Weight of the Butterfly Valves Main Parts
|
·
Valve body |
: 55.1 tons. |
|
·
Disc |
: 59 tons. |
|
·
Upstream pipe |
: 13.86 tons. |
|
·
Downstream pipe |
: 21.52 tons. |
|
·
Total weight of the bypass pipes |
: 3.32 tons. |
The disc of the butterfly valve is closed under the force of the
counter weights , connected to the valve shaft by the arms. It is
opened by the servomotor force. In order to balance the hydraulic
pressure of the two sides of the disc , when opening the hydraulic
valves , two bypass pipes are exploited to allow water in the
upstream pipes flow into downstream disc.
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2-2-5. Turbines
|
·
Type |
: Francis ,
with the vertical axis (HLA-696 , LJ-450). |
|
·
Number |
: 3 sets. |
|
·
Nominal rated head |
: 93(m.). |
|
·
Maximum head |
: 106.5(m.). |
|
·
Minimum head |
: 62(m.). |
|
·
Tail race level, when the 3 Units are operating
|
: 115 m.a.s.l. |
|
·
Minimum tail race level (when one unit is
operating with 50% of its nominal operation power |
: 113.5 m.a.s.l. |
|
·
Installation level of the turbine axis |
: 110.6 m.a.s.l. |
Turbine Output Power
|
·
At nominal height & the discharge of 158.42(m3/s) |
: 136(M.w.). |
|
·
At maximum height & the discharge of 159.54(m3/s) |
: 156(M.w.). |
|
·
At minimum height & the discharge of 127.95(m3/s) |
: 70(M.w.). |
|
·
Rotation velocity |
: 150(R.P.M.). |
|
·
Run away speed |
: 288(R.P.M.). |
|
·
Rotation direction |
: clockwise. |
|
·
Maximum thrust force of the shaft |
: 6038(K.N.). |
|
·
Hydraulic thrust at labirinth gap location |
: 3748(K.N.). |
|
·
Draft head |
: -4.4(m.)
(when the 3 units are operating at their maximum nominal
power , with the height of 93(m)). |
|
·
Runner diameter |
: 4.5(m.). |
|
·
Number of the runner blades |
: 13. |
|
·
Number of the wicket gates of the distributing set |
: 24. |
|
·
Design pressure of the spiral case |
: 15 bars (1.5(M.pa.)). |
|
·
Allowable leakage, from the wicket gates |
: 560(lit/s)
(at maximum heigth). |
|
·
Turbine servomotors |
: 2 sets ,
with the diameter of 420(mm.), and the stroke of
420(mm.). |
|
·
Required time for the wicket gates to be closed
|
: 13(s.). |
|
·
Turbine efficiency |
: 94.1%
(when operating at the nominal height & the discharge of
158.42(m3/s) , and output power of 136(M.w.). |
|
·
Total weight of the turbine equipment of each Unit
|
: Apx. 700 tons. |
|
·
Weight of the main equipment of the turbine of
each Unit |
: 560 tons (design
weight). |
|
·
Weight of the stay ring assembly |
: 72 tons. |
|
·
Weight of the spiral case assembly |
: 146.7 tons. |
|
·
Weight of the steel lining of the draft tube |
: 54.86 tons. |
|
·
Weight of the draft tube elbow |
: 42.80 tons. |
|
·
Weight of the draft tube cone |
: 12.06 tons. |
|
·
Weight of the steel lining of the turbine pit |
: 14 tons. |
|
·
Weight of the head cover assembly |
: 45.5 tons. |
|
·
Weight of the runner assembly |
: 44.75 tons. |
|
·
Weight of the shaft |
: 26.9 tons. |
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2-2-6. Governor System
|
·
Type |
: Digital VGC211 |
|
·
Number |
: 3. |
|
·
Governor oil pump capacity |
: 380(Lit/P.M.). |
|
·
Number of the governor oil pumps |
: 2. |
|
·
Oil cooling pump capacity |
: 40(Lit/P.M.). |
|
·
Required time for the gate servomotor to be closed |
: 11.5(s.). |
|
·
Required time for the gate servomotor to be opened |
: 13.5(s.). |
|
·
Total capacity of the pressure oil tank |
: 5500(lit.). |
|
·
Normal pressure at pressure oil tank |
: 40-60 bars. |
|
·
Maximum operational pressure |
: 64 bars. |
|
·
Design pressure for the pressure oil tank |
: 128 bars. |
|
·
Pressure oil tank diameter |
: 1.9(m.). |
|
·
Pressure oil tank height (including safety valve) |
: Apx. 3.2(m.). |
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2-2-7. Generators
|
·
Type |
: Synchronous vertical. |
|
·
Number |
: 3. |
|
·
Maximum output |
: 160(M.V.A.). |
|
·
Nominal output |
: 140(M.V.A.). |
|
·
Number of phases |
: 3. |
|
·
Nominal power factor |
: 0.95 . |
|
·
Nominal voltage |
: 13.8(K.V.). |
|
·
Efficiency |
: 98% (at
nominal condition & 40( c)). |
|
·
Frequency |
: 5(Hz.). |
|
·
Number of the poles |
: 40 . |
|
·
Velocity |
: 150(R.P.m.). |
|
·
Runaway speed |
: 282(R.P.m.). |
|
·
Fly wheel effect (GD2) |
: 18000(ton/m2). |
|
·
Rotor & stator winding insulation class |
: class F . |
|
·
Allowable temperature rise of the rotor & stator
winding at nominal output condition |
: less than 80(ºc)
(ambient temperature , 40(ºc)). |
|
·
Allowable temperature rise of the rotor & stator
winding at maximum output condition |
: less than 100(ºc)
(ambient temperature , 40(ºc)). |
|
·
Rotor weight |
: Apx. 420(ton.). |
|
·
Stator weight |
: 164(ton.). |
|
·
Weight of the shafts |
: upper
shaft: 4.7(ton.), lower shaft: 21.8(ton.). |
|
·
Total weight of a generator |
: 775(ton.). |
|
·
Rotor diameter |
: 8.462(mm.). |
|
·
Stator diameter |
: 10.5(mm.). |
|
·
Number of the shoes of the thrust bearing |
: 16 . |
|
·
Maximum load of the thrust bearing , at full
loading |
: 1.119.900(K.g.). |
|
·
Cooling system |
: Air cooling
, with the radiator. |
|
·
Synchronous condenser capacity |
: 100(MWAR). |
Back
Generator Switchgear
|
·
Mechanism |
: hydraulic
(with charger spring). |
|
·
Contact temperature rise |
: 65(ºc). |
|
·
Housing temperature rise |
: 30(ºc). |
|
·
Required time for the short circuit current to be
cut |
: 57(m.s.). |
|
·
Maximum time for the contact to be closed |
: 48(m.s.). |
|
·
Minimum time for the contact to be opened |
: 32(m.s.). |
|
·
Maximum sparking time |
: 60(m.s.). |
Back
2-2-8. Excitation System
|
·
Type |
: Static |
|
·
Transformer type |
:dried resinous. |
|
·
Primary & secondary connections |
: Yd5 . |
|
·
Nominal capacity |
: 1005(KVA). |
|
·
Primary voltage |
: . |
|
·
Secondary voltage |
: 350(v.) . |
Back
2-2-9. Rectifier
|
·
Direct current (DC), at nominal capacity of the
generator |
: 1659(A) . |
|
·
DC at maximum capacity of the generator |
: 1781(A) . |
|
·
Nominal DC voltage |
: 182(V) . |
Back
2-2-10. Field Installation
Main Contacts
|
·
Nominal current |
: 2000(A) . |
|
·
Maximum current |
: 18000(A) . |
|
·
Required time to be connected |
: 0.06(s) . |
|
·
Required time to be disconnected |
: 0.30(s) . |
|
·
Nominal voltage |
: 550(V) . |
Discharge Breaker
|
·
Nominal current |
: 500(A) . |
|
·
Maximum current |
: 800(A) . |
Brake Transformer
|
·
Capacity |
: 300(KVA) . |
|
·
Type of connections |
: Yd5 . |
|
·
Voltage |
: 400/140(V.). |
|
·
Short circuit current impedance |
: 6% |
Back
2-2-11. Busduct
|
·
Nominal voltage |
: 13.8(K.V.) . |
|
·
Maximum voltage |
: 17.5(K.V.) . |
|
·
Design voltage , with the network frequency |
: 38(K.V.) . |
|
·
Peak pulse voltage |
: 95(K.V.) . |
|
·
Main busduct nominal current |
: 8000(A)
for the conductor & 7600(A) for the duct. |
|
·
Nominal branch current for the station service
transformer |
: 1200(A)
for the conductor & 1140(A) for the duct. |
|
·
Conductor temperature rise |
: 65(ºc)
(ambient temperature , 40(ºc)). |
|
·
Duct temperature rise |
: 40(ºc)
(ambient temperature , 40(ºc)). |
|
·
Main conductor diameter |
: 300(m.m.). |
|
·
Main duct diameter |
: 825(m.m.). |
|
·
Branch conductor diameter |
: 148.7(m.m.). |
|
·
Branch duct diameter |
: 615(m.m.). |
|
·
Main conductor section |
: circle . |
|
·
Branch conductor section |
: square. |
|
·
Moisture eliminator |
: dry air . |
|
·
Earthing System |
: earthing through generator. |
|
·
Main busduct length |
: Apx. 30(m.) . |
|
·
Branch busduct length |
: Apx. 7(m.) . |
|
·
Weight of each meter of the main busduct , for the
3 phases |
: 245(Kg.) . |
|
·
Weight of each meter of the branch busduct , for
the 3 phases |
: 144(Kg.) . |
Back
2-2-12. Switches
Disconnector Switch
|
·
Mechanism |
: electromotor. |
|
·
Required time to be connected |
: 2(s). |
|
·
Required time to be disconnected |
: 2(s). |
|
·
Operating electromotor |
: 38/6(A/V). |
Earthing Switch
|
·
Type |
: knife switch |
|
·
Mechanism |
: electromotor. |
|
·
Required current to be connected & disconnected
|
: 4(A)
, at 380(V). |
|
·
Required time to be connected |
: 2(s). |
|
·
Required time to be disconnected |
: 380(v)
in 3 phases. |
Short Circuit
Current Breaker
|
·
Type |
: electromotor. |
|
·
Required time to be connected |
: 2(s). |
|
·
Required time to be disconnected |
: 2(s). |
|
·
Required current to be connected & disconnected |
: 4(A). |
Back
2-2-13. Arrester
|
·
Type |
: polim/ICAR. |
|
·
Discharge current |
: 20(K.A). |
|
·
Nominal voltage |
: 21.25(K.A). |
|
·
Maximum operating voltage |
: 17(K.A). |
Back
2-2-14.
Transformers
Voltage
Transformer
|
·
Type |
: Dry |
|
·
Temperature rise |
: 65(ºc). |
|
·
Primary nominal voltage |
: 13.8(Kv.). |
|
·
Maximum voltage |
: 24(Kv.). |
|
·
Peak pulse voltage |
: 125(Kv.). |
|
·
Peak pulse voltage with the network frequency |
: 60(Kv.)
per minute |
|
·
Number of potential transformers (PT) on the
generator side |
: 2 , each with
. |
|
·
Number of (PT)s on the main transformer
side |
: 1 , with
. |
|
·
(PT) class , on the generator side |
: (15 VA, C1
0.5, 25 VA, C1 0.5) & ( 25 VA, C1 0.5, 15 VA, C1 3P)
|
|
·
(PT) class , on the main transformer side |
: (3P/15 VA & 0.2/25KA) |
Current
Transformer
|
·
Type |
: dry. |
|
·
Number of (PT)s on the generator side |
: 2 . |
|
·
Number of (PT)s on the main transformer
side |
: 1. |
|
·
(CT) class , on the generator side |
: 2*
(SP20/30 VA). |
|
·
(CT) class , on the main transformer side |
: 0.5 (M5/30 VA). |
Back
2-2-15. Unit
Protection System
|
·
Type |
: numerical REG 216 . |
|
·
Number of relay sets |
: 2 relay sets for each unit. |
|
·
Set A |
: primary protections. |
|
·
Set B |
: secondary protections. |
Back
2-2-16. Station
Control System
|
·
Type |
: distributed . |
|
·
Unit control |
: PLC |
|
·
Controler type |
:VME- BUS. |
|
·
Network type |
: Double star (Redundant). |
|
·
Central control |
: power
plant control room, through two computer system & central
control board. |
Back
2-2-17. DC & UPS
|
·
Battery |
: 2 sets , parallel . |
|
·
Battery capacity |
: 2000(Ah) . |
|
·
Charger |
: 2 sets . |
|
·
UPS inverter |
: 2 sets . |
|
·
Capacity of each inverter |
: 16(KVA) . |
Back
2-2-18. DC & UPS
low Voltage Equipment
|
·
Main distributing board of 220(VDC) |
: 1, stable/ standing set. |
|
·
Side distributing board of 220(VDC) |
: 3, stable/ standing sets. |
|
·
UPS distributing board |
: 1 set , Wall Type. |
|
·
Low voltage cables |
: XLPE Type. |
Back
2-2-19. Alternate
current (AC)
Station
Service Transformer
|
·
Transformer type |
:dried resinous. |
|
·
Number |
: 2 . |
|
·
Capacity |
: 1600(KVA) . |
|
·
Voltage |
: 13.8/0.4(KV.) |
|
·
Vectorial group |
: D Y n 1 . |
|
·
Short circuit current in the primary winding |
: 75(KA) . |
|
·
Insulation class on the high voltage side |
: class F . |
|
·
Insulation class on low voltage side |
: class H . |
|
·
Allowable temperature rise |
: 100(ºc)
. |
Emergency Diesel
Generator
|
·
Diesel type |
: Perkins
,12 cylinder 3012/CV12 model. |
|
·
Generator manufacturer |
: Lury- Sumer . |
|
·
Nominal capacity |
: 600(K.V.A) . |
|
·
Nominal velocity |
: 1500(RPM.) . |
|
·
Number of phases |
: 3 . |
|
·
Nominal voltage |
: 400± 5% . |
|
·
Power factor |
: 0.85 pre- phase . |
|
·
Weight |
: Apx. 4600(Kg.) . |
Station
Auxiliary Power
|
·
Number of transformer |
: 1 , 33/4(K.V.) . |
|
·
Vectorial group |
: D Y n 1 . |
|
·
Allowable temperature rise |
: 75(ºc)
. |
|
·
Insulation class |
: F. |
Low Voltage
Equipment
|
·
Main distributing board |
: stable
type , with the nominal voltage of 380(V.). |
|
·
Low voltage cables |
: all cables of XLPE Type. |
Low voltage
Busducts
|
·
Type |
: compact . |
|
·
Nominal current |
: 2500(A.) . |
|
·
Nominal voltage |
: 380(V.) . |
|
·
Maximum voltage |
: 1000(V.) . |
|
·
Peak voltage at the network frequency |
: 3(KV.) . |
|
·
Short circuit current |
: 80(KV.) . |
|
·
Insulation class |
: B . |
|
·
Allowable temperature rise |
: 50(ºc)(ambient
temperature 40(ºc)
). |
Back
2-2-20. Main
Transformer
|
·
Number |
: 3 . |
|
·
Number of phases |
: 3 . |
|
·
Nominal power |
: 160(M.V.A.) |
|
·
Primary nominal voltage |
: 13.8(K.V.) |
|
·
Primary maximum voltage |
: 17.5(K.V.) |
|
·
Secondary nominal voltage |
: 410±
2 *
2.5% (no- load condition). |
|
·
Secondary maximum voltage |
: 420(K.V.) |
|
·
Short circuit current impedance |
: Apx. 14% . |
|
·
Vecorial group |
: Ynd 11 . |
|
·
Cooling system |
: oil-
directed & water- forced circulation (ODWF) . |
|
·
Weight of each transformer with the side equipment
& oil |
: 154(ton.) . |
|
·
Winding insulation class |
: class A |
|
·
Peak voltage with the network frequency in high
voltage winding |
: 630(K.V.) |
|
·
Peak voltage with the network frequency in low
voltage winding |
: 38(K.V.) |
|
·
Peak voltage with the network frequency in high
voltage earth |
: 50(K.V.) |
|
·
Switching voltage |
: 1050(K.V.) |
|
·
Peak pulse voltage for high voltage |
: 1425(K.V.) |
|
·
Peak pulse voltage for low voltage |
: 95(K.V.) |
|
·
Peak pulse voltage for high voltage earth |
: 125(K.V.) |
|
·
Allowable oil temperature rise |
: 50(ºc)
. |
|
·
Allowable winding temperature rise (in torrid
zones) |
: 68(ºc)
. |
|
·
Allowable winding temperature rise (in temperate
zones) |
: 55(ºc)
. |
|
·
Sliding distance of the high voltage bushings |
: 11(m.) . |
|
·
Total height of the transformer , including the
bushing |
: 9.4(m.) . |
|
·
Transformer height up to the top of the oil tank |
: 4.8(m.) . |
Back
2-2-21.
Switchyard
|
·
Type |
: conventional- outdoor. |
|
·
Nominal voltage |
: 400(K.V.). |
|
·
Breaker formation |
: 1.5 defect breaker. |
|
·
Number of the inlet feeder |
: 3 . |
|
·
Number of the outlet feeder |
: 2 . |
|
·
Peak voltage by the network frequency |
: 520(K.V.) (rms). |
|
·
Peak pulse voltage resulting from lightning |
: 1425(K.V.)
. |
|
·
Peak pulse voltage, resulting from switching |
: 1050(K.V.)
. |
|
·
Number & type of the breakers |
: 5 sets, of SF6 Type. |
|
·
Excavation volume |
: 200,000(m3) . |
|
·
Embankment volume |
: 95,000(m3) . |
|
·
Dimensions of the area |
: 225
* 165(m)
. |
|
·
Type of the control building |
: type I ,
with the dimension of 20.5
*
20.5(m) . |
|
·
Concreting volume |
: 3700(m3) . |
Back
2-2-22.
Transmission Lines
|
·
Type |
: 2 bands , with (MCM- curlew 1033) cable). |
|
·
Number |
: 2 outlet lines. |
|
·
Length |
: Apx. 25(K.m) . |
|
·
Connection |
: Shushtar- Khorram- abad Line. |
Note: The largest part of
Karkheh Power Plant Equipment is the butterfly valve, with the
diameter of 5.3(m.) , and the heaviest part is the main transformer,
with the weight of 120 tons (excluding the side equipment & the
oil). As a result, for delivering , placement , and displacement of
above mentioned parts , they are towed by a special machine.
Back
2-3. Power-
house Building
|
·
Location. |
: left bank
water way of the Dam tail water, about 290(m.)
from the Dam axis. |
|
·
Type of the power- house. |
: surface. |
|
·
Length & width of the main hall containing the 3
Units & the erection bay. |
:length:
97.5(m.), width: 26.5(m.). |
|
·
Total length & width of the main hall , including
other structures and the entrance room. |
:length:117.5(m.), width: 55(m.). |
|
·
Height , from the draft tube bottom , up to its
upper part. |
: 55(m.). |
Back
2-4. Power- house
tail race
the power- house tail race
consists of a six- opening- culvert, and an open
channel , with the following specifications :
|
·
Length of the culvert |
: 60(m.). |
|
·
Length of the channel |
: 300(m.). |
|
·
Width of the culvert, at the power- house outlet |
: 63.6(m.). |
|
·
Height of the culvert from the bottom up to the
top |
: 23.4(m.),at
the beginning, and 11.5(m.),at the end part. |
|
·
Type of lining |
: reinforced concrete. |
|
·
Tail race water level |
:115
m.a.s.l. (while operation of all the 3 Units). |
|
·
Bottom level of the inlet opening of the culvert
tail race |
: 98.1 m.a.s.l. |
|
·
Bottom level of the outlet opening of the culvert
tail race |
: 110 m.a.s.l. |
Back
2-5. Power
Tunnels
Three individual tunnels have
the duty of transferring water to the Karkheh Power- house. At the
distance of 61(m.) from each tunnel inlet , there is a
vertical shaft, with 80(m.) height , which is used for
the installation, and complete closure of water flow , during
possible repairs of the tunnel. To access to these shafts , a bridge
of 60(m.) long , which is linked to the Dam crest , is
used. The intake structure of the tunnels has six openings , each
two openings of which , end to one of the tunnels. There is a trash
- rack, with the width of 6.5(m.) and the height
of 20(m.) , at each opening inlet.
Specifications
of the Power Tunnels
·
Tunnels lengths
|
:436(m.) ,446(m.),457(m.).
|
·
Tunnels diameters
|
:5.30-7.20(excavation diameter :8.6(m.)).
|
·
Type of lining
|
: reinforced concrete & steel lining.
|
·
Concrete lining length
|
: from the
inlet opening until 15(m.) to the Cut- Off- Wall,
with the length of about 125(m.) in each tunnel.
|
·
Steel lining length
|
: from 15(m.)
, upstream of the Dam axis , up to the power- house location
, with the total length of 970(m.)& total weight
of 3722 tons.
|
·
Steel lining type
|
: ST 52.
|
·
Design pressure
|
: 1450(k.pa.).
|
·
Bottom level of the inlet opening
|
: 162 m.a.s.l.
|
·
Bottom level of the outlet opening
|
: 107.20 m.a.s.l.
|
·
Distances of the tunnels axes from one another
|
: 19(m.).
|
·
Total volume of concereting
|
: 120000(m3.).
|
·
Maximum outlet discharge of each tunnel
|
: 175(m3/s) .
|
·
Type of emergency gates
|
: roller.
|
·
Lifting system of the gates
|
: servomotor
|
·
Number of the gates
|
: 3 sets.
|
·
Dimensions of each gate
|
: 8.5(m.) *4.5(m.).
|
·
Weight of each gate
|
: 126 tons.
|
·
Type and capacity of the crane
|
: gantry,
with the capacity of 25 tons.
|
·
Material of the trash rack plates
|
: ST 37.
|
·
Total weight of the trash –racks
|
: 400 tons.
|
The lifting system of each gate , with the capacity of 300 tons and
the stroke of 10.2(m.) , is located on the upper part of the inlet
shafts , which is linked to the gate by 6 beams, each with the
length of : 8.5(m.) .
Back
3. Dasht-e Abbas
pressure Tunnel
Required water for the
irrigation of Dasht-e Abbas , Fakkeh , Eyn- Khosh , and Musian
Plains , will directly be supplied by Karkheh Dam Reservoir ,
through Dasht- e Abbas Pressure Tunnel.
3-1.
Specifications
|
·
Type of water flow |
: pressure. |
|
·
Inlet opening bottom level |
: 176.5 m.a.s.l. |
|
·
Outlet opening bottom level |
: 175 m.a.s.l. |
|
·
Slope of the tunnel |
: 2.5/10000 . |
|
·
Tunnel diameter |
: 5.5(m.) (excavation diameter: 6.8(m.)
). |
|
·
Tunnel length |
: 6097(m.) . |
|
·
Length of access tunnels |
: 498(m.) . |
|
·
Total volume of excavation |
: 325,000(m3) . |
|
·
Total volume of concreting |
: 82,000(m3) . |
|
·
Concrete lining thickness |
: 0.55(m.). |
|
·
Steel lining length |
: 50(m.) (end of the tunnel). |
|
·
Steel lining material |
: ST 52 . |
|
·
Tunnel design discharge |
: 80(m3/s) (maximum discharge: 120(m3/s)
, at level of195 reservoir ). |
Back
3-2. Tunnel Intake Structures
These structures include: trash- racks , slots for the stop- logs to
be installed , and shafts & emergency gates. The trash- racks are of
concrete, with the opening of 1.5* 1.5(m.) . The slots for the
installation of the gates are positioned with a little distance from
the trash- racks. There is a shaft , with 50(m.) height , in 285(m.)
from the inlet opening, in which , there are emergency gates, for
closing the tunnel, in emergency situations.
The emergency gates are of roller type , with the dimension of 3* 5
, and the total weight of 60(ton.) . These gates are operated by the
means of a servomotor , with the capacity of 160(ton.) , and the
stroke of 6.5(m.) . The servomotor is installed on the top of the
shafts , at the level of 234 m.a.s.l. , connected to the emergency
gates.
The frames of the emergency gates are of steel, executed 14(m.) from
upstream of the gates , changing the circle section of the tunnel
into a square shape , then at 14(m.) from downstream of the gates ,
the circle shape of the tunnel section is back again.
Back
3-3. Tunnel Outlet Structure
Dasht-e Abbas Tunnle is steel lined at the end, with the length of
50(m.) , at which location it is divided into two equal branches.
The branches , also, contain steel lining of ST 52. There is a
service gate (with a dimension of 1.8 * 2.6(m.)), and a radial gate
(with a dimension of 1.7* 2.5(m.) )in each branch . The radial gate
controls the outflow of water, and the service gate is used when
repairs are needed. The radial gate is opened & closed by a
servomotor of 20(ton.) , and another servomotor, with the capacity
of 40(ton.) opens & closes the service gate.
A set of stop-log & a 12-ton over-head crane will be employed for
the maintenance of the radial gates & the related equipment,
installed in the tunnel branches.
Back
4. Access Roads and Bridges
• Road L1, with the length of 11.7(km.), is branched off from the
main Road of Andimeshk- Dehloran, and is joined the Dam crest,
through the left bank.
• Road L2, with the length of 21.8(km.), branches off from the main
Road of Andimeshk- Ahwaz, and joins Road L1, on the left bank.
• The access road to the linking bridge, with the length of
3.4(km.), branches off from Road L1 and links to the existed road on
the right bank, through the linking bridge.
• The constructed road, with the length of 19(km.), on the right
bank of the Dam, which is branched off from Andimeshk- Dehloran
Road, after passing through Naderi Bridge. This road links borrow
pits of G1 and C1 to the Dam Site.
• A bridge, with the length of 205(m.), and the width of 13(m.) is
constructed on the downstream of the Dam axis, in order to link
access Roads L1 & L2 to the right bank of Karkheh River. Steel deck
of which, with three 60- meter- bays and one 25- meter- bay, are
installed on the reinforced concrete pile.
• Access road, with the length of 15(km.), to Dasht-e Abbas tunnel,
branches off from Andimeshk- Dehloran.
Back
|
|
|
